By far the most attention-grabbing section (a minimum of to a cloud infra nerd like me) is the "Infractructures" section, where the DeepSeek staff explained in detail how it managed to reduce the cost of coaching on the framework, knowledge format, and networking degree. The Italian knowledge safety authority, recognized for briefly banning ChatGPT in 2022, has now opened an investigation into DeepSeek, demanding extra detail on what private knowledge is colelcted, from which sources, how the systems are educated, and the legal basis for doing so. There is no mention or transparency on if EU citizen information was used to prepare the mannequin, and if so, what the legal foundation is for doing so. Despite the enthusiasm, there can also be criticism - including regarding the assets mentioned. Nor is there any reference to any instruments used to make sure knowledge transfers are GDPR compliant, such as Standard Contractual Clauses (SCCs). Another GDPR breach is that DeepSeek makes no mention on the source of its data training.